These notes are written using cin
as an example, but
they apply to all input streams.
What kind of strings?
Strings (sequences of characters) are stored two different ways
in C++. C-strings are arrays of characters with a terminating
zero value at the end. There is also a string
class in the C++ standared library. In general, it's better
to use the string
class, but many
times that C-strings must be used because the string
class was not available when many other classes were developed.
Reading a line into a string
string s;
. . .
while (getline(cin, s)) {
// s contains the input line, without final newline char.
. . .
}
Reading a line into a C-string
char ca[100];
. . .
while (cin.get(ca, 99)) {
// ca has one input line without crlf and with terminating 0
. . .
}