Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acidity

• Note: Inductive effect: electron withdrawing groups increase acidity. e.g. F-CH2-COOH pka = 2.59

• (‘F’ withdraws electron density from carboxylic acid group enables “H+” to be removed more easily.

• Throughbond effect i.e. the further away, the less influence

• electron donating groups decrease acidity.

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