The Stages of Recovery Instrument (STORI)
A Mental Health Recovery Measure
Overview The Stage Model of Recovery Description of the STORI Translations of the STORI Shorter Versions Links to publications Download the STORI
The Stages of Recovery Instrument (STORI) is a self-report measure for the assessment of stage of recovery from mental illness. It is intended to measure constructs that are more meaningful to consumers than conventional outcome measures. The STORI was developed in response to consumer criticisms of traditional clinical measures, which tend to focus on illness and disability. In contrast, the STORI focuses on psychological recovery and personal growth.
The STORI may be downloaded from this website. Use is permitted provided no profit is made and the authors are acknowledged.
The STORI is based on the Stage Model of Recovery (Andresen et al., 2003), which reflects the experiences of people who have recovered from mental illnesses such as schizophrenia.
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The stage model of psychological recovery represents psychological processes occurring over five stages. The four psychological processes of recovery were derived from the experiential accounts of many consumers. These themes provided the content for the items of the STORI.
These four processes are:
| Hope |
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finding and maintaining hope for recovery and a better future; |
| Responsibility |
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taking responsibility for wellness and control of life generally; |
| Identity |
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establishing a positive identity, and |
| Meaning |
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finding meaning and purpose in life. |
The five stages of recovery are briefly described as:
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| Moratorium |
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A stage of hopelessness and self-protective withdrawal. |
| Awareness |
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The realisation that recovery and a fulfilling life is possible |
| Preparation |
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The search for personal resources and external sources of help. |
| Rebuilding |
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Taking positive steps towards meaningful goals. |
| Growth |
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A sense of control over one's life and looking forward to the future. |
A more complete description of the model can be found in the following article:
- Andresen, R., Oades, L., & Caputi, P. (2003). The experience of recovery from schizophrenia: towards an empirically-validated stage model. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37, 586–594.
A PDF version of this article can be found here. [pdf 83kb] The definitive, published version is available here.
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The STORI consists of fifty items, each rated from 0 to 5. The items are presented in 10 groups of five, with one item in each group representing a different stage of recovery. The 10 items representing each stage make up the stage subscale score. Scoring results in five subscale scores representing the five stages of psychological recovery. The highest subscale score indicates the stage of recovery that the person is experiencing.
The development of the STORI has been published in the following article:
- Andresen, R., Caputi, P., & Oades, L. (2006). The Stages of Recovery Instrument: Development of a measure of recovery from serious mental illness. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 972-980,
A PDF version of this article can be found here. [pdf 111kb] The definitive published version is available here.
Download the STORI.
The STORI is also available in French and Spanish.
We welcome translations into other languages, with the condition that you provide us with the translated version and also a back-translation into English, so we can ensure that the meaning of the items hasn't changed. If you would like to develop a translation into another language, please email Dr Retta Andresen at iiMH@uow.edu.au.
French STORI
For enquiries in French, please contact:
Jérôme Favrod, RN, CNS Community Psychiatry Service Department of Psychiatry - Lausanne Switzerland Email: jerome.favrod@hispeed.ch
Download the French Stori.
Spanish STORI
The Spanish STORI has recently been revised. The updated version is now available to download with scoring guidelines.
For enquiries in Spanish, please contact:
Oscar Vallina Fernandez PhD Coordinator of Prevention program for psychosis (P3) _www.p3-info.es_ Mental Health Center of Torrelavega. Cantabria Health System Cantabria.Spain Email: ovallina@cop.es or Professor Serafin Lemos Giraldez Lecturer of the University of Oviedo, Spain Email: slemos@uniovi.es
Download the Spanish Stori.
A shorter, 30-item version of STORI is under development. Testing of this measure is currently underway.
Self-identified stage of recovery (SISR)
The SISR consists of two parts. Part A is a forced-choice item consisting of five statements reflecting the five stages of the model. Respondents select the statement that best reflects their current experience. Part B consists of four statements reflecting the four processes of recovery, rated on a six-point scale. The SISR is described in Andresen et al. (2006), and an article on the psychometric properties of this measure is in submission.
An interview-style version of this short measure is also under development.
For further information, please contact us on the email address below.
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Japanese version of the SISR
A Japanese version of the SISR has been developed. An article on the validation of this instrument in Japan is in press:
Chiba, R., Kawakami, N., Miyamoto, Y. and Andresen, R. (In Press).Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Self-identified stage of recovery (SISR) for people with chronic mental illness. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing
View abstract [pdf 16kb]
For enquires regarding the Japanese SISR, please contact:
Rie Chiba, MS, RN, PHN Department of Psychiatric Nursing Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Email: crie-tky@umin.ac.jp
Questions or feedback?
If you would like any more information about the stage model of recovery, or recovery measurement or if have any feedback on this website, you are welcome to contact us at: iiMH@uow.edu.au
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